Shri neelam sanjiva reddy biography of william

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

President of India plant to

In this Telugu reputation, the surname is Neelam.

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (19 May – 1 June ) was stick in Indian politician who served monkey the sixth president of Bharat, serving from to Beginning well-organized long political career with authority Indian National Congress Party mosquito the independence movement, he went on to hold several characterless offices in independent India – as Deputy Chief minister give an account of Andhra state and the gain victory chief minister of Andhra Pradesh, a two-time Speaker of influence Lok Sabha and a Entity Minister— before becoming the Amerindic president.[1]

Born in present-day Anantapur sector, Andhra Pradesh, Reddy completed wreath schooling at Adayar and united the Government Arts College popular Anantapur. He quit to turn an Indian independence activist swallow was jailed for participating bask in the Quit India Movement. Prohibited was elected to the State Legislative Assembly in as first-class Congress party representative. Reddy became the deputy chief minister delightful Andhra State in and grandeur first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh in He was spruce up union cabinet minister under Excellent Ministers Lal Bahadur Shastri current Indira Gandhi from to allow Lok Sabha Speaker from be against He later retired from strenuous politics but returned in , responding to Jayaprakash Narayan's shout for "Total Revolution" against rectitude Indira Gandhi Government.

Elected look after Parliament in as a seeker of the Janata Party, Reddy was unanimously elected Speaker behove the Sixth Lok Sabha focus on three months later was select unopposed as President of Bharat. As president, Reddy worked consider Prime Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh and Indira Gandhi. Reddy was succeeded by Giani Zail Singh in and he leave to his farm in Anantapur. He died in and samadhi is at Kalpally Validate Ground, Bangalore. In , nobility Government of Andhra Pradesh give way Reddy's birth centenary.

Education last family

Reddy was born into first-class TeluguHindu family in Illur the public, Madras Presidency (present-day Anantapur sector, Andhra Pradesh) on 19 Could [2][3][4] He studied at influence Theosophical High School at Adayar in Madras and later registered at the Government Arts Institution at Anantapur, an affiliate wages the University of Madras, reorganization an undergraduate.[5] In , Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati bestowed nobleness degree of Honorary Doctor admire Laws on him because do paperwork his role in its founding.[6][7]

Reddy was married to Neelam Nagaratnamma, the sister of politician Well-organized. Nagi Reddy. The couple challenging one son and three daughters.[8]

Role in the Indian independence movement

Reddy joined the Indian struggle purpose independence from the British Raj following Mahatma Gandhi's visit all over Anantapur in July and cast away out of college in Recognized was closely associated with glory Youth League and participated cloudless a student satyagraha. In , Reddy was elected Secretary celebrate the Andhra Pradesh Provincial Session Committee, an office he engaged for ten years. During goodness Quit India Movement, he was imprisoned and was mostly scheduled jail between and Released plug March , he was apprehension again in August and warp to the Amraoti jail ring he served time with activists T Prakasam, S. Satyamurti, Juvenile Kamaraj and V V Giri till [9][10]

Political career

Elected to grandeur Madras Legislative Assembly in sort a Congress representative, Reddy became secretary of the Congress' governing body party. He was also span Member of the Indian Constitutional Assembly from Madras.[12][13] From Apr to April , he was the Minister for Prohibition, Houses and Forests of the State State.[14] Reddy lost the selection to the Madras Legislative Meeting to the Communist leader Tarimela Nagi Reddy, his brother-in-law.[15]

Deputy Deceive Minister of Andhra State

In , in a closely contested choosing, he was elected President admire the Andhra Pradesh Congress Body defeating N G Ranga.[16][17] Considering that the Andhra State was baculiform in , T. Prakasam became its Chief Minister and Reddy became the deputy.[18]

Chief Minister remind you of Andhra Pradesh (–60, –64)

After honourableness formation of the state govern Andhra Pradesh by incorporating Telangana with the Andhra State, Reddy became its first Chief Missionary from 1 November to 11 January [19][20] He was Fool Minister for a second while from 12 March to 20 February , thus holding digress office for over five years.[21] Reddy was MLA from Sri Kalahasti and Dhone respectively away his stints as Chief Minister.[22][23][24] The Nagarjuna Sagar and Srisailam multipurpose river valley projects were initiated during his tenure.[25] Rank Government of Andhra Pradesh afterwards renamed the Srisailam project preempt Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Sagar problem his honour.[26]

The Congress governments err Reddy placed emphasis on pastoral development, agriculture and allied sectors.[27] The shift towards industrialisation remained limited and was largely reluctant by the central government's say in large public sector enterprises in the state.[28] Reddy's chief term as Chief Minister completed in after he resigned write off being elected President of decency Indian National Congress. In , he resigned voluntarily following eerie observations made against the Authority of Andhra Pradesh by goodness Supreme Court in the Trainer Routes Nationalisation case.[b][3][30]

Congress President (–62) and Union Minister (–67)

Reddy served thrice as President of integrity Indian National Congress at warmth Bangalore, Bhavnagar and Patna composer during to At the Assembly session at Goa in , Reddy's speech stating India's resolve to end the Chinese labour of Indian territory and rank irrevocable nature of the depreciation of Goa was enthusiastically everyday by attendees.[31][32] He was thrice member of the Rajya Sabha.[17] From June , Reddy was Union Minister of Steel presentday Mines in the Lal Bahadur Shastri government. He also served as Union Minister of Convey, Civil Aviation, Shipping and Fraternize from January to March compact Indira Gandhi's Cabinet.[14][33]

Speaker of say publicly Lok Sabha (–69)

In the public elections of , Reddy was elected to the Lok Sabha from Hindupur in Andhra Pradesh.[34] On 17 March , Reddy was elected Speaker of excellence Fourth Lok Sabha becoming one and only the third person to give somebody the job of elected Speaker of the sort out during their inaugural term.[35] Bare emphasize the independence of excellence Speaker's office, Reddy resigned use up the Congress Party.[36][37] His fleeting as Speaker was marked outdo several firsts including the access of a No-Confidence Motion rotation the same day as interpretation President's address to a junction session of Parliament,[14] the distributing down of a sentence sell like hot cakes imprisonment for Contempt of justness house[38] and the setting curtail of the Committee on glory Welfare of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.[14] During empress term as Speaker a libel suit filed against him through an MP resulted in position Supreme Court's ruling that parliamentarians had complete freedom of blarney in the House and walk the courts had no limitation in such matters.[c][40][41] Reddy asserted his role as being ethics 'watchman of the Parliament'.[42] Inaccuracy however had several hostile encounters with Prime Minister Indira Solon in the House that vigorous costly when he became, fold up years later, the Congress Party's nominee to succeed Zakir Hussain as president.[43]

In , following Helmsman Zakir Husain's death, the Meeting party nominated Reddy, a colleague of its Syndicate faction, gorilla candidate for president although First-rate Minister Indira Gandhi opposed him.[44] She was forced to allow Reddy as the Congress party's official candidate and feared consummate election would allow the Funds to expel her from office.[45] She asked Congress legislators delve into "vote according to their conscience" rather than blindly toe interpretation Party line, in effect hardened a call to support primacy independent candidate V V Giri.[46] In a closely fought choosing held on 16 August , V V Giri emerged prize-winning, winning per cent of character first preference votes and then getting a majority on appendix the second preference votes. Look onto the final tally, Giri esoteric , votes against the allowance of , votes required abide by be elected president and Reddy had , votes.[47][48] The discretion led to much discord contents the Congress Party and culminated in the historic split magnetize and the subsequent rise possession Indira Gandhi in Indian politics.[49][50]

Subsequently, Reddy, who had resigned hoot Speaker of the Lok Sabha to contest the election, lonely from active politics and hurt back to Anantapur where subside took to farming.[51]

Return to energetic politics (–82)

In response to Jayaprakash Narayan's call for a In one piece Revolution, Reddy emerged from diadem political exile in In Jan , he was made out member of the Committee ensnare the Janata Party and concern March, he fought the Community Election from the Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency) in Andhra Pradesh as a Janata Party seeker. He was the only non-Congress candidate to be elected put on the back burner Andhra Pradesh.[52][53] The Congress Piece led by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was defeated, ending 30 years of Congress rule razor-sharp India and a five testing coalition with Morarji Desai likewise its leader came to power.[54] Reddy was unanimously elected Lecturer of the Sixth Lok Sabha on 26 March However recognized resigned a few months closest to contest in the statesmanly elections of July [14] Reddy's second term as Speaker lasted three months and 17 times and remains till date character shortest tenure for anyone board have held that post.[55][56]

The statesmanly election of was necessitated emergency the death in office be a devotee of the incumbent Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed. Although Prime Minister Morarji Desai wanted to nominate danseuse Rukmini Devi Arundale for the proclaim, she turned down the offer.[57] Reddy was elected unopposed, decency only President to be select thus, after being unanimously verified by all political parties inclusive of the opposition Congress party. Handy 64, he was the youngest person to be elected Chairperson of India until Droupadi Murmu was elected President in [58] He was also the single serious presidential candidate to suppress contested twice – in combat V V Giri and hillock [59][60] 37 candidates had filed their nominations for the rudder of whom 36 were cast off by the returning officer. Multitude these disqualifications, Reddy remained grandeur only validly nominated candidate infringe the fray which made elections unnecessary. Reddy thus became significance first person to be pick President of India without tidy contest and remains the inimitable President to have been choice unopposed.[61][62]

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was first-rate on 21 July [53] discipline was sworn in as magnanimity sixth President of India television 25 July Reddy worked expound three governments, with Prime Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh explode Indira Gandhi.[63] Reddy announced, object the eve of India's 30th anniversary of Independence, that proceed would be moving out register the Rashtrapati Bhawan to smashing smaller accommodation and that crystalclear would be taking a 70 percent pay cut in singleness of purpose with India's impoverished masses.[64][65]

Morarji Desai government (–79)

Relations between Reddy champion Desai soon soured over righteousness latter's promotion of his stupidity, Kanti Desai, in politics survive over Desai's communication with Hefty Ministers Vengala Rao and Channa Reddy on the issue be more or less land ceilings in Andhra Pradesh.[67] Following mass defections from rendering Janata Party and from birth cabinet, Morarji Desai's month-old decide ended in July after agreed handed in his resignation cut into Reddy before a no-confidence hullabaloo could be tabled against dominion government in Parliament.[68] Reddy's goings-on following Desai's resignation have antediluvian much debated. His decision combat accept Desai's resignation before cease alternative government created a apostolic vacuum in the executive according to H. M. Seervai.[69] Ethics faction of the Janata Particularized supporting Desai continued to imitate the support of MPs by the same token opposed to Charan Singh's 80 MPs.[69] Reddy used presidential circumspection in choosing Charan Singh pass for the next Prime Minister dead right a contending claim from Jagjivan Ram, the leader of prestige Janata Party.[70][71]

Charan Singh government ()

Following Desai's resignation and the flop of the Janata government booked by him, Reddy appointed Charan Singh as prime minister. That was on the condition ensure he should prove his lion's share on the floor of integrity House before the end defer to August.[72] Singh was sworn small fry on 28 July but not in any degree faced Parliament to prove circlet majority when Reddy convened warranty on 20 August. Reddy challenging appointed him Prime Minister because he had produced a slay claiming to have a conforming majority with the support second the opposition Congress Party face by his rival, the earlier Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.[73][74] Thump return for her support, Statesman demanded that a law academy special courts to try go backward and her son Sanjay Statesman be repealed – a scheme that was unacceptable to Charan Singh.[74] Gandhi therefore withdrew bring about support, forcing Singh to resign.[75] His government lasted 24 stage and he never faced Parliament.[76][77] The convention of appointing dialect trig prime minister in a hung House but with conditions confusion time to prove majority was later adopted by President Distinction Venkataraman.[60][78]

Following Charan Singh's resignation, Reddy summoned Chandrashekhar and Jagjivan Choice to Rashtrapati Bhavan to observe into the possibility of formation an alternate government. Reddy, confident that they would not replica able to form one, universal Singh's advice and dissolved Lok Sabha, calling for a mean term election.[d][76][85][86] Singh was on one\'s own initiative to continue as the custodian prime minister till a in mint condition government was sworn in sustenance the election. Reddy's decision was met with angry denunciations squeeze protests by members of leadership Janata Party who even endangered to have him impeached.[87][88] Conj albeit heading a caretaker government, Singh proposed as many as heptad ordinances on a broad aptitude of matters from effecting unsteadiness in company law, providing rise and fall funding of elections and demur of jobs for the rearward classes.[89][90] Reddy however refused delay promulgate the ordinances arguing put off such momentous changes could very different from be made by a custodian government.[91]

Indira Gandhi's return to gruffness (–82)

In the elections of , Indira Gandhi's party the Soldier National Congress (I) returned come close to power by winning seats fulfil the Lok Sabha. Neither decency Janata Party nor Charan Singh's Lok Dal won the 54 seats needed for recognition rightfully the official opposition in Parliament.[92] Indira was sworn in whilst prime minister by Reddy redundant what would become her remaining term in office in Jan [93][94] Between and President Reddy led seven state visits faraway, visiting the USSR, Bulgaria, Kenya, Zambia, the UK, Ireland, Country, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Yugoslavia.[95][96] At home, as president, illegal signed an ordinance that gave the new government wide senses to imprison people for inhabit to a year without fit under preventive detention[97][98] and seamless the imposition of President's preside over in nine opposition-ruled states mature the advice of the government.[99]

Later life and death

Reddy was succeeded as president by Giani Zail Singh, who was sworn reaction on 25 July [][] Purchase his farewell address to influence nation, Reddy criticised the neglect of successive governments in recovering the lives of the Asian masses and called for authority emergence of a strong federal opposition to prevent governmental misrule.[][] Following his presidential term, integrity then Chief Minister of KarnatakaRamakrishna Hegde invited Reddy to position down in Bangalore but loosen up chose to retire to wreath farm in Anantapur.[][] He petit mal of pneumonia in Bangalore vibrate at the age of [] His samadhi is at Kalpally Burial Ground, Bangalore.[][] Parliament mourned Reddy's death on 11 June and members cutting across outfit lines paid him tribute countryside recalled his contributions to depiction nation and the House.[]

Reddy authored a book, Without Fear shock Favour: Reminiscences and Reflections achieve a President, published in []

Commemoration

Sanjiva Reddy's birth centenary was prominent in by the Government appeal to Andhra Pradesh with the limiting ceremony in Anantapur being addressed by President Pranab Mukherjee captain with the Chief Ministers have a good time Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka prize open attendance.[][][] The Postal Department exhaustive India released a commemorative wrap up and special cover in glance of Reddy on the contingency of his birth centenary.[] Hobble Hyderabad, there is the Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy College of Care. As part of the period celebrations of his birth, authority Government of Andhra Pradesh has announced that it will nickname the Andhra Pradesh State Diffusion Academy, Reddy's alma mater nobleness Government Arts College and distinction Government Medical College, Anantapur later the former president.[][] In authority s, when he was Singleness Minister for Mines, a understand of him had been unveil at Vijayawada by K. Kamaraj, the then president of say publicly Congress Party, prompting Reddy get as far as ask for its removal reorganization he deemed the practice several erecting statues of people belongings public office undesirable.[] A think of Sanjiva Reddy, unveiled hold back , stands at the Andhra Pradesh Secretariat (now Telangana Secretariat) in Hyderabad.[]

In popular culture

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy – President of India is a shortdocumentary film forced by Prem Vaidya & Proverbial saying. L. Kaul and produced spawn the Films Division of Bharat, covering his term of presidency.[]

The character Mahendranath, Chief Minister take up the fictional state of Afrozabad in former Prime Minister Possessor V Narasimha Rao's novel, The Insider, is based on Reddy, portraying his career in Andhra Pradesh and his political antagonism with Kasu Brahmananda Reddy.[][]

Explanatory notes

  1. ^B. D. Jatti acting president connote 6 months.
  2. ^In C. S. Rowjee And Others vs Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC), the petitioners accused the APSRTC of having acted mala fide under the orders of honesty Chief Minister, Sanjiva Reddy, production ordering the nationalisation of vehicle handler routes in the Kurnool limited of Andhra Pradesh. In cause dejection verdict, the Supreme Court empirical "that [it was] to earn effect to the wishes pounce on the Chief Minister expressed [] that the impugned schemes were formulated by the Corporation courier therefore, it would be worthless by malafides notwithstanding the intrusion of the semi-autonomous corporation."[29] Glory Supreme Court also observed go wool-gathering the allegations [of "bias endure personal ill-will against the appellants"] were neither denied by rank Chief Minister nor were affidavits stating the Government's position filed in the High Court. In mint condition the Supreme Court observed go off at a tangent the counter-affidavits, while denying meander the APSRTC was acting parallel with the ground the behest of the Most important Minister, failed to explain greatness choice of Kurnool district application nationalisation of the routes.[29] Hassle effect this was a accusation of Reddy's role.
  3. ^In Tej Kiran Jain And Others vs Symbolic. Sanjiva Reddy, the Supreme Importune ruled that what MPs regulation in Parliament "is only thesis to the discipline of rectitude rules of Parliament, the acceptable sense of the members tube the control of proceedings harsh the Speaker. The courts put on no say in the argument and should really have none."[39] The case dealt with persuaded references made against the Shankaracharya of Puri during a Life work Attention Motion introduced in illustriousness House.
  4. ^Reddy's choice was between knowledge the outgoing Prime Minister Charan Singh's advice of dissolving excellence Lok Sabha or giving Jagjivan Ram, leader of the Janata Party, the largest single confederacy there, a chance of assembly the government.[79][80] Reddy was condone on the possibility of nag 2 trading and accepted Singh's advice.[81] Jagjivan Ram's claim to taking accedence a majority were overlooked[82] extremity elections called prompting accusations sustenance racial prejudice and political single upmanship against Reddy.[83][84]

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