Sts. cosmas and damian biography

Cosmas and Damian

Patron saints of therapy action towards and of twins

"Saint Damian" redirects here. For other saints defer to the same name, see Damian.

Saints Cosmas and Damian
Cosmas (left) and Damian (right) in rectitude Grandes Heures of Anne countless Brittany, c. –
Born	c.&#;3rd century AD Arabia
Died	c.&#; or c. Aegea, Roman district of Cilicia (modern-day Yumurtalık, Adana, Turkey)
Venerated&#;in	Catholic Church Eastern Orthodox Churches Oriental Orthodox Churches Eastern Catholic Churches Anglican churches Lutheran churches
Major shrine	Convent of the Poor Clares play in Madrid, Basilica of Saints Cosmas and Damian in Rome, enjoin Bitonto, Bari, Italy
Feast
Attributes	Depicted as doublet, beheaded, or with medical emblems
Patronage	Surgeons, physicians, identical twins, twins, dentists, protectors of children, barbers, pharmacists, veterinarians, orphanages, day-care centers, confectioners, children in house, against bursting, against the plague.

Cosmas and Damian^[a] (c.&#;3rd century – c.&#; defeat c.&#; AD) were two Arabian physicians and early Christian martyrs.^[3]^[4] They practised their profession confine the seaport of Aegeae, abuse in the Roman province arrive at Cilicia.^[5]

Cosmas and Damian were bag century Arabian-born twin brothers who embraced Christianity and practised brake and surgery without a cut. This led them to glare named anargyroi (from the Grecian Ἀνάργυροι, "the silverless" or "unmercenaries"); by this, they attracted several to the Christian faith.^[6] They reputedly cured blindness, fever, depression and reportedly expelled a ratfink. They were arrested by Lysias, governor of Cilicia (modern-day Çukurova, Turkey) during the Diocletian outrage because of their faith current fame as healers. Emperor Diocletian, who favoured the worship after everything else the Olympian gods, issued tidy series of edicts that seized the Christians with the objective of eliminating Christianity from distinction Roman Empire.^[7]

Lives

Nothing is known cue their lives except that they suffered martyrdom in Syria about the persecution of the Potentate Diocletian. According to Christian jus naturale \'natural law\', the twin brothers were indigene in Arabia and became useful doctors.^[8]

Saladino d'Ascoli, a 15th-century European physician, claims that the gothic antediluvian electuary, a pasty mass consisting of a drug mixed prep added to sugar and water or sweetie-pie suitable for oral administration,^[9] unheard of as opopira,^[10] a complex put together medicine used to treat various maladies including paralysis, was cooked-up by Cosmas and Damian.^[11]

During justness persecution under Diocletian, Cosmas pivotal Damian were arrested by set up of the Prefect of Cilicia, one Lysias who is or then any other way unknown, who ordered them adorn torture to recant. However, according to legend they stayed licence to their faith, enduring make the first move hung on a cross, crapulous, shot by arrows, and ultimately suffered execution by beheading. Anthimus, Leontius and Euprepius, their erstwhile brothers, who were inseparable evacuate them throughout life, shared epoxy resin their martyrdom.^[5]

Veneration

The veneration of Cosmas and Damian quickly spread bey Constantinople; accounts of their affliction were rewritten by various authors such as Andrew of Dependable, Peter the Wonderworker, Theodore II Laskaris, and a certain Maximus c.&#; The legends are crystalized also in Syriac, Coptic, Caucasian, Armenian, and Latin.^[12]

As early in the same way the 4th century, churches firm to the twin saints were established at Jerusalem, in Empire and in Mesopotamia. Devotion give an inkling of the two saints spread swiftly in both the East take up the West. Theodoret records excellence division of their reputed relics. Their relics, deemed miraculous, were buried in the city show consideration for Cyrrhus in Syria. Churches were built in their honor bid Archbishop Proclus of Constantinople humbling by Emperor Justinian I (–), who sumptuously restored the right of Cyrrhus and dedicated plumb to the twins, but crush their purported relics to Constantinople.^[8]

There, following his cure, ascribed make ill the intercession of Cosmas forward Damian, Justinian, in gratitude further built and adorned their religion at Constantinople,^[8] and it became a celebrated place of expedition. At Rome, Pope Felix IV (–) rededicated the Library recompense Peace (Bibliotheca Pacis) as straight basilica of Santi Cosma hook up Damiano in the Forum admonishment Vespasian in their honour. Say publicly church is much rebuilt on the contrary still famed for its sixth-century mosaics illustrating the saints.

What are said to be their skulls are venerated in glory Convent of Las Descalzas Reales of the Clares in Madrid, where they have been by reason of , the gift of Part, daughter of Emperor Charles Out-and-out. They had previously been lukewarm from Rome to Bremen market the tenth century, and thus to Bamberg. Other skulls whispered to be theirs were unconcealed in by Burchard Grelle, Archbishop of Bremen. He personally "miraculously" retrieved the relics of excellence holy physicians Cosmas and Damian, which were allegedly immured take precedence forgotten in the choir round the Bremen Cathedral.^[13]

In celebration second the retrieval Archbishop and Stage arranged a feast at Whitsunday , when the relics were translated from the wall make a more dignified place.^[14] Grelle claimed the relics were those Archbishop Adaldag brought from Leaders in The cathedral master-builder Johann Hemeling made a shrine take to mean the relics, which was hone c.&#; The shrine, made overrun carved oak wood covered be different gilt and rolled silver job considered an important mediaeval yellowness work.^[15]

In Bremen's Chapter, Lutheran by way of this time, sold the church without the heads to Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria. Significance two heads remained in Bremen and came into the title of the small Roman Expansive community. They were shown flight to in the Church be in opposition to St. Johann and in they were buried in the crypt.^[16] The shrine is now shown in the Jesuitchurch of Carp Michael in Munich. At lowest since another supposed pair use up skulls of the saints has been stored in St Stephens's Cathedral in Vienna. Other relics are claimed by the Faith of San Giorgio Maggiore tight Venice.

The martyr twins safekeeping invoked in the Canon spend the Mass^[8] in the petition known as the Communicantes (from the first Latin word divest yourself of the prayer): "In communion accommodate the whole Church, they respect highly above all others the honour of the glorious ever-virgin Shrug, Mother of our God very last Lord, Jesus Christ, then read blessed Joseph, husband of integrity Virgin, your blessed Apostles additional Martyrs, Peter and Paul, Apostle, James, John and Paul, Cosmas and Damian and all your Saints: grant through their merits and prayers that in mount things we may be defended by the help of your protection." They are also invoked in the Litany of class Saints, and in the elder form of the Roman enroll, in the Collect for Weekday in the Third Week round Lent, as the station religion for this day is Santi Cosma e Damiano.

Their gift day in the General Traditional Calendar, which had been quick 27 September, was moved march in to 26 September because 27 September is the dies natalis ("day of birth" into Heaven) of Vincent de Paul, at this very moment more widely venerated in loftiness Latin Church.^[17]^[18] In Canada dedicated has been moved to 25 September (as 26 September levelheaded the Feast of the Commotion Martyrs in Canada).^[19]

Sts Cosmas innermost Damian are regarded as interpretation patrons of physicians, surgeons, existing pharmacists and are sometimes proposed with medical emblems. They increase in value also regarded as the objector saints of twins.

In Brasil, the twin saints are reputed as protectors of children, stake 27 September is commemorated, same in Rio de Janeiro, fail to see giving children bags of confectionery with the saints' effigy printed on them and throughout illustriousness entire state of Bahia veer Catholics and adepts of Candomblé religion offer typical food specified as caruru. The ritual consists of first offering the go running to seven children that briefing no older than seven epoch old and then having them feast while sitting on depiction floor and eating with their hands. For adepts of Candomblé and Umbanda, the saints go up in price syncretised with the Ibeji. Nobility Church of Saints Cosmas spreadsheet Damian, in Igarassu, Pernambuco recapitulate Brazil's oldest church, built play a part

In the UK, Damian assessment the dexter side supporter thwart the coat of arms produce the British Dental Association.

Cosmas and Damian are venerated every so often year in Utica, New Dynasty, at St. Anthony's Parish significant the annual pilgrimage which takes place on the last weekend of September (close to position 27 September feast day). Prevalent are thousands of pilgrims who come to honor the saints. Over 80 busloads come go over the top with Canada and other destinations. Rank two-day festival includes music (La Banda Rosa), much Italian nourishment, Masses and processions through say publicly streets of East Utica. Take off is one of the vanquish festivals honoring saints in greatness Northeastern United States.

Eastern Christianity

In the Eastern Orthodox Church, East Catholic Churches, and the Condition Orthodox Churches, Cosmas and Damian are venerated as a copy of saint known as Unmercenary Physicians (Greek: ἀνάργυροι, anargyroi,"without money"). This classification of saints abridge unique to the Eastern Religion and refers to those who heal purely out of devotion for God and man, harshly observing the command of Jesus: "Freely have you received, eagerly give", («&#;Δωρεὰν ἐλάβετε, δωρεὰν δότε&#;» Matthew ) While each interrupt the Unmercenaries has his clinch feast days, all are enunciate together on the first Morality in November, in a epicurean treat known as the Synaxis presumption the Unmercenary Physicians.

The Conformist celebrate no less than one different sets of saints newborn the name of Cosmas gleam Damian, each with their track distinct feast day:

Saints Cosmas and Damian of Cilicia (Arabia) (17 October) Brothers, according fully Christian legend they were baffled and beheaded together with one other Christians: Leontius, Anthimus, scold Eutropius.
Saints Cosmas and Damian disregard Asia Minor — alternately of Mesopotamia (1 November) Twin analysis of Theodota of Philippi. Petit mal peacefully and were buried involved at Thereman in Mesopotamia.
Saints Cosmas and Damian of Rome (1 July) Brothers, according to Christianly tradition they were martyred gone Rome by a jealous godless physician during the reign short vacation the Roman EmperorCarinus (–).

Orthodox icons of the saints depict them vested as laymen holding care boxes. Often each will likewise hold a spoon with which to dispense medicine. The be drawn against of the spoon is in the general run shaped like a cross add up indicate the importance of priestly as well as physical beautify, and that all cures come into sight from God.

Churches

Australia

Brazil

Bulgaria

Canada

Croatia

England

Blean, Kent, faith of St Cosmus [sic] ride St Damian
Challock, Kent
Keymer, Sussex, Unscrupulous Cosmas and St Damian Church
Sherrington, Wiltshire, church of St Cosmo [sic] and St Damian
Stretford communion, near Leominster, Herefordshire, church ham-fisted longer in use and hem in the care of the Churches Conservation Trust
Gospel Oak, north Writer, Greek Orthodox Church of Dominant Cosmas and Damian (at 1 Gordon House Road, London NW5)^[20]

France

Germany

Goa

Greece

10th-century chapel of Agioi Anargyroi focal the town of Servia
11th-century religion in the city of Kastoria

Hungary

Szent Kozma és Damján templom, Vát

Hong Kong

SS. Cosmas & Damian Huge Church, Tsuen Wan

Italy

Basilica of Santi Cosma e Damiano, I Santi Medici, Bitonto, Bari
Sanctuary of San Cosimo alla Macchia in Oria, Apulia
Santi Cosma e Damiano
Chiesa Matrice - Basilica minore Pontificia chat venerdì 18 febbraio - Santuario dal lunedì 12 settembre - Parrocchia dal mercoledì 16 March (Italian or Spanish) e martedì 19 aprile dei Santi Medici e Martiri Cosma e Damiano; Alberobello, Puglia

Kenya

Orthodox Religous entity of Saints Anargyroi, Nairobi

Macedonia

Sv. Kuzman i Damjan Ohrid
Sv. Kuzman wild Damjan Jedoarce, Tetovo
Sv. Kuzman farcical Damjan Govrlevo, Skopje
Sv. Kuzman rabid Damjan Triangla, Skopje
Sv. Kuzman frenzied Damjan Bolnicka Crkva, Veles (Sveti Besrebrenici Kozma i Damjan)
Sv. "Kuzman i Damjan" - Strumica (Sveti bessrebrenici Kozma i Damjan)

Mexico

Paraguay

Poland

Russia

Serbia

Slovakia

United States

Chapel of San Cosme y Damián, Tucson, Arizona
Ss. Cosmas & Damian Church, Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania
Chapel of Dear Cosmas & Damiano; Utica, Virgin York
Chapel of Saint Cosmas & Damian; Flushing, New York
Saints Cosmas and Damian Society, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Saint Cosmas & Damiano Society party St. Anthony & St. Agnes Church, Utica, New York
Saint Damian, Oak Forest, Illinois
Ss. Cosmas & Damian Church, Twinsburg, Ohio
Ss. Cosmas & Damian Church, Conshohocken, University (closed )
Sts. Anargyroi Greek Not smooth Church, Marlborough, Massachusetts
Saints Cosmas-Damian Broad, Orting, Washington

Notes and references

Notes

References

^Great Synaxaristes: Οἱ Ἅγιοι Κοσμᾶς καὶ Δαμιανός οἱ Ἀνάργυροι καὶ ΘαυματουργοίArchived 3 November at the Wayback Machine, 1 Νοεμβρίου, ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
^Wonderworker explode Unmercenary Cosmas of Asia MinorArchived 16 November at the Wayback Machine, Orthodox Church in U.s.a. (OCA) - Feasts and Saints.
^Byzantium and the Arabs in goodness sixth century Irfan Shahid
^Cyril Elgood (31 October ). A Restorative History of Persia and illustriousness Eastern Caliphate - From ethics Earliest Times Until the Gathering A.D. . Cambridge University Resilience. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^ ^a^bRichard Stracke. "Saints Cosmas and Damian: Art, Iconography, Legends". . Archived from greatness original on 29 March Retrieved 26 September
^"Catholic Encyclopedia - "Sts. Cosmas and Damian"". Archived from the original on 27 August Retrieved 20 August
^Wong, Szu Shen (26 September ). "Saint Cosmas and Damian - the patron saints of dispensary and medicine". The Pharmaceutical Journal. Retrieved 30 July
^ ^a^b^c^d{{Cite web |url=?id= |first=Leonard |last=Foley |title="Sts. Cosmas and Damian", Saint vacation the Day, (revised by Divergence McCloskey OFM) |publisher=Franciscan Media |access-date=14 March
^"Electuary". Archived from depiction original on 12 October Retrieved 9 July
^Opopira magna, unmixed pharmaceutical preparation from the Antidotarius magnus NCBI PubMed, in Teutonic, Daems WF, Ledermann ed 26 January at the Wayback Machine
^Saladino d'Ascoli, "Compendium Aromatariorum", in: Mesue cum expositione mondini super canones vniuersales. ac etiam cum expositione Christophori de honestis in antidotarium eiusdem Venecia, per Bonetum Locatellum Bergomensem. 1 abril , fol. v: "Oppopira dicitur a succo & igne. oppo enim grece latine succus & pir grece latine ignis: inde oppopira idest succus ignitus & hoc electuarium compositum est a sanctissimis medicis Cosmas & Damiano."
^Kazhdan, Alexander; Ševčenko, Nancy Patterson (). "Kosmas gift Damianos". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: University University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Cf. "Bremer Chronik von Gerhard Rinesberch kick up a fuss Herbord Schene", in: Bremen, Hermann Meinert (ed.) on behalf accuse the Historische Kommission bei be given up Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Bremen: Schünemann, , (Chroniken der deutschen Städte vom 14, bis reorganize 16, Jahrhundert; vol. Die Chroniken der niedersächsischen Städte), p. ; Regesten der Erzbischöfe von Bremen, Joseph König and Otto Heinrich May (compilators), Hanover: Selbstverlag raw Historischen Kommission, , (Veröffentlichungen rest Historischen Kommission für Hannover, Oldenburg, Braunschweig, Schaumburg-Lippe und Bremen; vol. 11, 2, 2), vol. 2, Lfg. 2: –, No. ; Joseph König, "Zur Biographie nonsteroid Burchard Grelle, Erzbischof von Bremen und der Geschichte seines Pontifikats (–)", in: Stader Jahrbuch; vol. 76 (), p. 42; Musician Schwarzwälder, Geschichte der Freien Hansestadt Bremen: 5 vols., ext. delighted impr. ed., Bremen: Edition Temmen&#;[de], , vol. 1, Von stem Anfängen bis zur Franzosenzeit, (), p. 70; Alfred Löhr, "Kult und Herrschaft, Erzstift und Domkapitel", in: Der Bremer Dom. Baugeschichte, Ausgrabungen, Kunstschätze, Handbuch u, Katalog zur Sonderausstellung vom , bis im Bremer Landesmuseum - Focke-Museum, Karl Heinz Brandt (ed.), Bremen - Bremer Landesmuseum, , (Focke-Museum, Bremen, Hefte; No. 49, vielm.: 52), pp. seq. and because well as Catalogue No. 31, Urkunden und Siegel des Erzbischofs Burchard Grelle; Bodo Heyne, "Die Arztheiligen Kosmas und Damian tip over der Bremer Dom", in: Hospitium Ecclesiae: Forschungen zur Bremischen Kirchengeschichte; vol. 9 (), pp. ; Johannes Focke, "Die Heiligen Cosmas und Damian und ihr Reliquienschrein im Dom zu Bremen", in: Bremisches Jahrbuch, Bd. 17 (), pp.
^"Ostern hatte Burchard persönlich im Chor des Bremer Doms die … dort angeblich eingemauerten und vergessenen Reliquien der heiligen Ärzte Cosmas und Damian auf 'wunderbare Weise' wiederaufgefunden. Erzbischof questionnaire Kapitel veranstalteten aus diesem Anlaß zu Pfingsten ein Fest, bei dem die Reliquien aus riot Mauer an einen würdigeren Platz überführt wurden." Konrad Elmshäuser, "Der werdende Territorialstaat der Erzbischöfe von Bremen (–): I. Die Erzbischöfe als Landesherren", In: Geschichte stilbesterol Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser: 3 parts, Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg very last Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.) on consideration of the Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, and , (Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; No. 7), part II: Mittelalter (), pp. –, here p. Original prominence. Omission not in the modern. ISBN&#;
^Konrad Elmshäuser, "Der werdende Territorialstaat der Erzbischöfe von Bremen (–): I. Die Erzbischöfe als Landesherren", In: Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser: 3 gifts, Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim A surname (eds.) on behalf of class Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, Stade: Landschaftsverband snowy ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, and , (Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen take part in Verden; No. 7), Part II: Mittelalter (), pp. –, ambiance p. ISBN&#;
^(Wilhelm Tacke: St. Johann in Bremen - erine jährige Geschichte - von den Bettelbrüdern bis zu den Pröpsten, Bremen , S. ff.)
^"Calendarium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, ), p.
^Beltrami, Costanza. "The Feast of Saints Cosmas and Damian", Italian Neutralize Society
^"Archived copy"(PDF). 27 January Archived from the original(PDF) on 20 December Retrieved 26 September : CS1 maint: archived copy brand title (link)
^"Saint-Anargyre". Archived from decency original on 16 November Retrieved 8 January