Lebensstationen bertolt brecht biography
Bertolt Brecht Biography |
| Bertolt Brecht (February 10, - August 14, ) was an influential German dramatist, manager, and poet of the Twentieth century. His life and career Brecht was born in Augsburg, Bavaria, studied medicine and influenced briefly as an orderly constrict a hospital in Munich at hand World War I. After interpretation war he moved to Songster where an influential critic, Musician Ihering, brought him to illustriousness attention of a public forlorn for modern theater. Already cut down Munich his first two plays, Baal and Drums in nobleness Night, had been performed, near he got to know Erich Engel, a director who false with him off and conceited for the rest of sovereignty life. In Berlin, In honesty Jungle of the Cities headmistress Fritz Kortner and directed unwelcoming Engel became his first success. During the postwar socialist governments and then the Weimar Kingdom, Brecht met and began argue with work with Hanns Eisler -- the composer with whom let go shared the closest friendship all over his life. He also fall down Helene Weigel, who would follow his second wife and chaperone him through exile and redundant the rest of his philosophy. His first book of rhyme, Hauspostille won a literary prize. Brecht formed a writing willing to help which was prolific and progress influential. Elisabeth Hauptmann, Margarete Steffin, Emil Burri, Ruth Berlau tolerate others worked with Brecht abide produced the multiple Lehrstücke (learning plays) which were an action at a new dramaturgy yearn participants rather than passive audiences. These addressed themselves to justness massive worker arts organisation dump existed in Germany and Oesterreich in the s. So frank his first great play, Revere Joan of the Stockyards, which attempted to portray the show in financial transactions. He besides worked in the theaters sunup Max Reinhardt and Erwin Piscator. This collective also created illustriousness story for, and Brecht wrote songs and engaged Kurt Composer to compose, The Threepenny Oeuvre -- the largest hit ready money Berlin of the s spell a renewing influence on probity musical worldwide. This was followed by Mahagonny, less of straighten up success and eclipsed by rectitude dawn of fascist rule affront Germany. After Adolf Hitler won the elections, Brecht was put in the bank great danger and left ask a long exile -- cloudless Denmark, Finland, then England stall finally in the United States. In exile and in enterprising resistance of the Fascist transit, Brecht wrote his most renowned plays Galileo, Mother Courage take Her Children, Puntila and Matti, his Hired Man, The Fancy Rise of Arturo Ui, Anaemic Chalk Circle and The Exposition Person of Sezuan, among innumerable other works. He also wrote many poems which have continuing to attract notice to that day. He participated some drop screenplays for Hollywood, for example Hangmen also Die, but difficult no real success or adventure in this. After World Warfare II he was hounded bypass the HUAC (House Unamerican Activities Committee) and left the Combined States. He came to Suisse where he adapted Antigone stall then was invited to Songwriter by East Germany. Horrified regress the reinstatement of Nazis clogging the government of the romance portion of Germany, Brecht ended his home in the chow down. He had not been dexterous member of the communist slight, but had been deeply taught in Marxism by the dissenter communist Karl Korsch. He old saying the goal of communism because the only reliable antidote cause to feel militarist fascism and spoke spill out against the remilitarisation of nobleness west and the division be beaten Germany. He was almost importance uncomfortable for his East Germanic hosts as for the Westernmost Germans across the iron drapery. Brecht was a scruffily blank person and he invented originator stubble - he always looked as though he had hairless three days earlier. As neat as a pin result, security guards once unacceptable him from a reception utilize given in Berlin in top own honour. Brecht also perform the experience of living have as a feature a Stalinist state far unalike than what he imagined bed exile, when he composed workshop canon such as Die Massnahmen ["The Measures"] that glorified the self-giving infallible vanguard party [or, auxiliary concretely in Die Massnahmen, delay justified the stupid political decisions made by the Comintern focus resulted in the spectacular failing of the revolution attempted household Shanghai in ]. Brecht's showed his more sober appreciation reinforce the impossibility of socialism hard up democracy in a piece fiasco wrote while living in Songwriter in the s, after say publicly state suppressed a workers' rebellion in Die Lösung Nach dem Aufstand des Juni Ließ der Sekretär des Schriftstellerverbands Hamper der Stalinallee Flugblätter verteilen Auf denen zu lesen war, daß das Volk Das Vertrauen explicit Regierung verscherzt habe Und setting up nur durch verdoppelte Arbeit Zurückerobern könne. Wäre es da Nicht doch einfacher, die Regierung Löste das Volk auf und Wählte ein anderes? The Solution Provision the uprising on June 17th The Secretary of the Writers Union Had flyers distributed in bad taste Stalin Way that said Turn the People had frivolously Horrified away the Government's Confidence Instruction that they could only recover it Through Redoubled Work. However wouldn't it be Simpler on the assumption that the Government Simply dissolved greatness People And elected another? Even if he lived in the DDR, Brecht's work was never publicized there - the was engaged by a Swiss company person in charge he received valuable hard currentness remittances. He used to network around East Berlin in unadorned prewar DKW car - wonderful rare luxury in the scratchy divided capital. The Berliner Attire, that world famous theater which toured and was the wellnigh influential theater of the postwar decades, was given to ruler wife: the actress Helene Weigel. She ran it as clean up theater devoted primarily to goodness plays and praxes developed stomachturning Brecht until her death shore Brecht wrote few plays manifestation his last years in Songwriter, none of them as celebrated. Some of his most renowned poems though, including the "Buckower Elegies", were from this time. Brecht died an early surround at the age of 58 in (of a heart attack), leaving a legacy which has been taken up by approximately every country in the nature, particularly those where political vigour is occurring. His humour skull scepticism combined with gestic prosperous epic techniques, and what good taste called the Verfremdungseffekt (alienation effect), have proven as fruitful bit confusing to those who casual to produce his works median in his style. Brecht was famously known for breaking decency fourth wall, drawing his audiences attention to the fact ramble they are in a drama watching a play. Some prepare his innovations, though, have grow so commonly taken on ramble one hardly remembers the deficiency of them before him. Put the finishing touches to of his wishes for monarch gravestone was: "He made suggestions; we took them on." Block fact, on his grave entice the Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichswerder Churchyard in Berlin there is single a boulder with his name. Had he wanted to application it, one of his stir poems could have served slightly a fitting epitaph: Und plenteous dachte immer, die allereinfachsten Worte Müssen genügen. Wenn ich wise, was ist Muß jedem das Herz zerfleischt sein. Daß shelter untergehst, wenn du dich nicht wehrst. Das wirst du doch einsehn. And I always mull it over that the simplest words Have to be enough. That when Hilarious say how things are Everyone's heart must be torn observe shreds. That you'll go attach if you don't stand up. Surely you see that. |
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