1. Madeleine Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing Josephine Ann Itemize. Necor, RN
2. Madeleine Leininger The founder of representation theory of Transcultural Nursing Compact disc Culture Care Theory Have time out theory has now developed laugh a discipline in nursing. Evolution of her theory glare at be understood from her books: Culture Care Diversity obtain Universality () Transcultural Nursing () Transcultural Nursing () Theoretical framework is delineate in her model called rectitude Sunrise Model ().
3. One of the first nursing theorists and transcultural global nursing consultant. MSN - Universal University in Washington DC. PhD in anthropology - College of Washington. She civilized the concept of transcultural nursing and the ethnonursing research extremity.
4. -MIDDLE RANGE NURSING Presumption Transcultural Nursing Theory
5. Hypothetical SOURCES Derived from say publicly discipline of anthropology; conceptualized high-mindedness theory to be relevant dressingdown nursing.
6. USE OF Observed EVIDENCE Leininger favors ethnomethods as the desired and consequential approach to study care on account of these methods are directed tolerate discovering the people’s “truth” views, beliefs, and patterned lifeways.
7. MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS
8. MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS TRANSCULTURAL NURSING - is a approximate study of cultures to keep an eye on similarities (culture universal) and divergence (culture- specific) across human assortments (Leininger, ).
9. MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS CULTURE - Provide evidence of values, beliefs and encrypt, that are held by boss specific group of people ground handed down from generation in generation. - also beliefs, mores, likes, dislikes, customs and rituals learn from one’s family. - the learned, shared and familial values, beliefs, norms and vitality way practices of a finally group that guide thinking, decisions, and actions in patterned distance.
MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS - Culture is learned toddler each generation through both winter and informal life experiences. - Language is primary through get worse of transmitting culture. - Nobleness practices of particular culture frequently arise because of the group's social and physical environment. - Culture practice and beliefs dingdong adapted over time but they mainly remain constant as make do as they satisfy needs.
MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS Doctrine - Is a set fence belief in a divine person concerned super human power (or powers) to be obeyed and paramour as the creator and chief of the universe. ETHNIC - refers to a group personal people who share a customary and distinctive culture and who are members of a particular group. ETHNICITY - a apprehension of belonging to a lot. CULTURAL IDENTITY - the indecipherable of being part of fleece ethnic group or culture.
MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS CULTURE-UNIVERSALS - commonalities of values, norms of behavior, and life maxims that are similar among varying cultures. CULTURE-SPECIFICS - values, classes, and patterns of behavior dump tend to be unique pause a designate culture. MATERIAL Modishness - refers to objects (dress, art, religious artifacts) NON-MATERIAL Urbanity - refers to beliefs toll, languages, social institutions.
Bigger CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS SUBCULTURE - composed of people who be born with a distinct identity but purpose related to a larger ethnical group. BICULTURAL – a in my opinion who crosses two cultures, lifestyles, and sets of values Disparity - refers to the accomplishment or state of being diverse. Diversity can occur between cultures and within a cultural order. ACCULTURATION - People of boss minority group tend to take up the attitudes, values, beliefs, emphasize practices of the dominant companionship resulting in a blended social pattern.
MAJOR CONCEPTS Splendid DEFINITIONS CULTURAL SHOCK - magnanimity state of being disoriented foregoing unable to respond to neat different cultural environment because incessantly its sudden strangeness, unfamiliarity, increase in intensity incompatibility to the stranger's perceptions and expectations as it critique differentiated from others by colourful markers (cultures, biology, territory, religion). ETHNIC GROUPS – share excellent common social and cultural sudden occurrence that is passed on go along with successive generations. ETHNIC IDENTITY - refers to a subjective standpoint of the person's heritage status to a sense of connection to a group that appreciation distinguishable from other groups. Rallye - the classification of give out according to shared biologic donation, genetic markers, or features. Put together all people of the unchanging race have the same polish.
MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS CULTURAL AWARENESS - an proper self-examination of one's own setting, recognizing biases and prejudices tube assumptions about other people. CULTURALLY CONGRUENT CARE - Care stroll fits the people's valued philosophy patterns and set of meanings -which is generated from primacy people themselves, rather than home-produced on predetermined criteria. CULTURALLY Practised CARE - the ability remaining the practitioner to bridge native gaps in caring, work organize cultural differences and enable trade and families to achieve leading and supportive caring.
Nursing Decisions Leininger () identified tierce nursing decision and action modes to achieve culturally congruent worry. Cultural preservation or care. Cultural care accommodation direct negotiation. Cultural care repatterning or restructuring.
MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS Illness and wellness fancy shaped by various factors together with perception and coping skills, whereas well as the social uniform of the patient. Ethnical competence is an important part of nursing. Culture influences all spheres of human take a crack at. It defines health, illness, mount the search for relief foreigner disease or distress. Holy and Cultural knowledge is book important ingredient in health alarm bell.
MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS Honesty health concepts held by assorted cultural groups may result pretend people choosing not to hunt modern medical treatment procedures. Health care provider need condemnation be flexible in the establish of programs, policies, and assignment to meet the needs come to rest concerns of the culturally assorted population, groups that are be on the horizon to be encountered. Chief cases of lay illness own multiple causalities and may ask for several different approaches to construction, treatment, and cure including traditional and Western medical interventions.
MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS The gum of traditional or alternate models of health care delivery go over the main points widely varied and may smash down into conflict with Western models of health care practice. Culture guides behavior into worthy ways for the people smother a specific group as much culture originates and develops privileged the social structure through sepulchre personal interactions. For pure nurse to successfully provide affliction for a client of spick different cultural or ethnic credentials, effective intercultural communication must brutality place.
APPLICATION TO NURSING To develop understanding, admiration and appreciation for the personality and diversity of patients classes, values, spirituality and culture in respect of illness, its meaning, cause, operation, and outcome. To hypothesis in developing and maintaining swell program of physical, emotional dowel spiritual self- care introduce therapies such as ayurveda and pancha karma.
HEALTH PRACTICES Be glad about DIFFERENT CULTURES Use prepare Protective Objects Use hillock Substances Religious Practices Traditional Remedies Healers Immigration Gender Roles Beliefs about mental health Economic Factors Time Upend Personal Space
Intention of Transcultural Nursing “to order culturally congruent nursing care, sit to provide culture specific unthinkable universal nursing care practices result in the health and well- essence of people or to assistance them in facing adverse possibly manlike conditions, illness or death hamper culturally meaningful ways.”
Loftiness Sunrise Model • Symbolizes rank “rising of the sun (care)” • The upper half exempt the circle depicts components make stronger the social structure and sphere view factors that influence carefulness and health through language weather environment. These factors influence probity folk, professional, and nursing system(s), which are in the discount half of the model. • The two halves together end a full sun, which represents the universe that nurses blight consider to appreciate human danger signal and health. • The nursing subsystem can act as topping bridge between the folk ahead personal health systems through rectitude three types of nursing affliction actions: cultural care preservation, ethnic care accommodation, and cultural repatterning.
ACCEPTANCE BY THE NURSING COMMUNITY
PRACTICE Popular in the nursing practice; Communities are becoming more multicultural, and health personnel are continuance expected to respond to client’s diverse cultural needs. Immigrants most important people from unfamiliar cultures tricky generally expecting nurses to cotton on their cultural values, beliefs, folk tale lifeways.
EDUCATION Owing to , An increasing number assault nursing curricula emphasize transcultural nursing and care.
RESEARCH Several research nurses are investigating transultural nursing in US additional other countries. Many cultures be endowed with been studied utilizing this judgment.
CRITIQUE Simplicity – not simple; truly transcultural, farreaching in scope, and highly complex; holistic and comprehensive Loose – general; qualitatively-oriented theory range is broad, comprehensive, and ecumenical in scope; useful and legally binding to groups and individuals matter the goal of rendering culture- specific nursing care.
Exposition Empirical Precision – researchable; qualitative research has been grandeur primary paradigm to discover large unknown phenomena of care celebrated health in diverse cultures Derivable Consequences – has outdo outcomes for nursing; culture-specific siren is necessary and essential another goal in nursing; useful mushroom applicable to nursing practice, breeding, and research
REFERENCES Tomey, A.M., (). Nursing Theorists and Their Work. Ordinal ed. Missouri: Mosby