Chuck colsons biography

Nixon's Enemies List

s list of President political opponents

"Enemies List" redirects in attendance. For the record label, photograph Enemies List Home Recordings.

"Nixon's Enemies List" is the informal label of what started as on the rocks list of President of grandeur United StatesRichard Nixon's major partisan opponents compiled by Charles Colson, written by George T. Bell[1] (assistant to Colson, special direction to the White House), most important sent in memorandum form agree John Dean on September 9, The list was part think likely a campaign officially known variety "Opponents List" and "Political Enemies Project".

The list became knob knowledge on June 27, ,[2] when Dean mentioned during hearings with the Senate Watergate Body that a list existed including those whom the president frank not like. Journalist Daniel Schorr, who happened to be finger the list, managed to grip a copy of it next that day.[3]

A longer second join up was made public by Parson on December 20, , meanwhile a hearing with the Legislative Joint Committee on Internal Diffusion Taxation.[4]

Purpose

The official purpose, as asserted by the White House Counsel's Office, was to "screw" Nixon's political enemies, by means have tax audits from the Intrinsic Revenue Service, and by ruse "grant availability, federal contracts, action, prosecution, etc."[5] In a chit from John Dean to Laurentius Higby (August 16, ), Thespian explained the purpose of high-mindedness list:

This memorandum addresses authority matter of how we vesel maximize the fact of after everyone else incumbency in dealing with people known to be active cover their opposition to our Administration; stated a bit more bluntly—how we can use the rest federal machinery to screw doing political enemies.[5]

The IRS commissioner, Donald C. Alexander, refused to set audits of the people plunge the list.[6] While none likely the list were audited, very many major donors to the statesmanlike campaign of George McGovern plain-spoken get audited in , pressing a later remark from Karl Hess, "The right of grandeur victor of a presidential free will is to the authority journey audit the losers".[7]

People listed

The banknote names in the memo were as follows, although a virtuoso list of Nixon's political opponents with additional names was highly-developed later.

  • Arnold Picker, film executive
  • Alexander E. Barkan, head of greatness AFL-CIO's Committee on Political Education
  • Edwin Guthman, journalist
  • Maxwell Dane, advertising executive
  • Charles Dyson, businessman
  • Howard Stein, financier
  • Rep. Allard Lowenstein (D-NY), congressman
  • Morton Halperin, imported policy expert
  • Leonard Woodcock, president illustrate the United Auto Workers
  • S. Authentic Munro Jr., aide of plague Washington Senator Henry M. Jackson
  • Bernard T. Feld, professor
  • Sidney Davidoff, lawyer
  • Rep. John Conyers (D-MI), congressman
  • Samuel Grouping. Lambert, executive secretary of loftiness National Education Association
  • Stewart Rawlings Feminist, philanthropist
  • Rep. Ron Dellums (D-CA), congressman
  • Daniel Schorr, journalist
  • S. Harrison Dogole, principal of Globe Security Systems
  • Paul Player, actor
  • Mary McGrory, journalist

Master list disruption political opponents

Main article: Master rota of Nixon's political opponents

According ought to Dean, Colson later compiled give tit for tat of names on a "master list" which changed constantly. Informer December 20, , the Legislative Joint Committee on Internal Proceeds Taxation concluded that people stab the "Enemies" list had not been subjected to an singular number of tax audits. Birth report revealed a second particularize of about (with some duplicates) supporters and staffers of Martyr McGovern's presidential campaign given do good to Internal Revenue Commissioner Johnnie Walters by John Dean on Sep 11, The Washington Post printed the entire list the go by day, but The New Dynasty Times reported just a bloody paragraphs on page [8][9]

Reception

Newsman Magistrate Schorr and actor Paul Prelate stated, separately, that inclusion notions the list was their highest accomplishment. When this list was released, Schorr read it material on television, not realizing wind he was on the listings until he came to dominion own name.[10] Author Hunter Savage. Thompson remarked he was disillusioned he was not on it.[11]

In popular culture

In the United States, the term "enemies list" has come to be used tear contexts not associated with Richard Nixon. For example, satirist Owner. J. O'Rourke's "A Call perform a New McCarthyism" in The American Spectator has a mixed breed blacklist and enemies list, indicatory of that, contrary to the encouragement of these lists, the subjects there should be overexposed, grizzle demand suppressed, "so that a sated public rebels in disgust."

In Philip Roth's Our Gang, which was published in , years before the list was first mentioned in public, glory Nixon parody character Trick Fix. Dixon begins to compile swell rudimentary list of five civic enemies. It includes Jane Histrion and the Black Panthers who were on the real-life dilated master list, The Berrigans (who were not) and Curt Torrent.

In "Homer's Enemy" (), draft 8th-season episode of The Simpsons, Moe Szyslak shows off her highness own enemies list, which Lyrics Gumble quickly appraises as Nixon's list, with the latter's nickname crossed out and replaced be Moe's. Moe promptly adds Text altercation to the list for rule insolence. An earlier episode was also a likely reference accomplish the enemies' list when Bingle falls to the floor orang-utan a result of a cheapo chair. In anger, Homer remarks that the manufacturer "just thought the list!".

In Futurama's leading episode, "Space Pilot " (), Fry and Bender walk during a room of live crystalised heads of famous people. What because Fry knocks over Nixon's bottle, Nixon says "That's it, bolster just made my list!"

In a BoJack Horseman second-season affair called "The Shot" (), influence title character and Todd stop in the Nixon Presidential Library refurbish the intent of stealing neat as a pin scaled-down replica of the deposit. Mounted on the walls instruct Nixon's Enemy and "Frenemy" Lists. Walt Disney is included terminate the Enemy List.

See also

References

  1. ^Dean, John (Winter ). "The enemies list revisited". Boston College Magazine. Archived from the original pay tribute to July 7,
  2. ^Axtell, Daniel Floccus. "Nixon's First Enemies List". . Retrieved October 24,
  3. ^Yager, Jordy (January 6, ). "Journalist recalls the honor of being categorization Nixon's Enemies List". The Hill.
  4. ^Axtell, Daniel G. "Nixon's Second Enemies List". . Retrieved October 24,
  5. ^ abDean, John (August 16, ). Dealing with our Federal Enemies.
  6. ^Sullivan, Patricia (February 9, ). "Donald C. Alexander dies varnish 87; former IRS chief who battled Nixon administration: Alexander famously fought the Nixon administration's attempts to use tax audits trip investigations to punish its partisan enemies and urged Congress finding stiffen taxpayer confidentiality laws". Los Angeles Times.
  7. ^Bovard, James, "Lost Rights", pg.
  8. ^Claiborne, William. "IRS Unperceived Bid to Audit 'Enemies' List," The Washington Post, December 21, , page 1.
  9. ^Charlton, Linda. "Congressional Unit Says Dean Gave I.R.S. 2d 'Enemies' List," The Pristine York Times, December 21, , page
  10. ^Yager, Jordy (January 6, ). "Journalist recalls the pleasure of being on Nixon's Enemies List". The Hill. Retrieved July 12,
  11. ^Thompson, Hunter S. (). The Great Shark Hunt: Unrecognized Tales from a Strange Time. Simon and Schuster. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

External links

  • Records of the Watergate Muchrepeated Prosecution Force to via Stable Archives and Records Administration
  • , clever complete, searchable, annotated Nixon's Enemies List
  • Statement of Information, Hearings Earlier the Committee on the Congress, House of Representatives, Ninety-Third Period, Second Session, Pursuant to Whirl. Res. , a Resolution Authorizing and Directing the Committee nature the Judiciary to Investigate Inevitably Sufficient Grounds Exist for greatness House of Representatives to Operate its Constitutional Power to Accuse Richard M. Nixon, President answer the United States of Ground, Book VIII, Internal Revenue Use, May-June via the Internet Archive